Welcome to mil-notes. After We talk about how to convert a string to Integer, Double, or Float, now I'm going to talks about basic mathematical operation in Java. So, a little example has been shown in Java Basic Knowledge (2) post. There we do a multiplication operation, and today I will expand it. We're not just talks about arithmetic operation, but also relational, bitwise, logical, assignment, and any other operation.
Ok, in java we can divide all operators into the following groups:
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Logical Operators
- Assignment Operators
- etc.
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used in basic mathematical expression. For example 1 + 2, 1 x 2, 1 : 3, 1 - 2, etc. Assume I have variable X = 20 and variable Y = 10. Then, the following table lists the arithmetic operators.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + (Addition) | Adds values on either side of the operator. | x + Y will give 30 |
| - (Subtraction) | Subtracts right-hand operand from left-hand operand. | X - Y will give 10 |
| * (Multiplication) | Multiplies values on either side of the operator. | X * Y will give 200 |
| / (Division) | Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand. | X / Y will give 2 |
| % (Modulus) | Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand and returns remainder. | X % Y will give 0 |
| ++ (Increment) | Increases the value of operand by 1. | X++ gives 21 |
| -- (Decrement) | Decreases the value of operand by 1. | X-- gives 19 |
Relational Operators
There are following relational operators in Java. Assume I have variable X = 20, and variable Y = 30.Then, the following table lists the relational operators supported by Java.
Operator Description Example == (equal to) Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. (X == Y) is not true. != (not equal to) Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. (X != Y) is true. > (greater than) Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (X > Y) is not true. < (less than) Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (X < Y) is true. >= (greater than or equal to) Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (X >= Y) is not true. <= (less than or equal to) Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (X <= Y) is true.
Bitwise Operators
Java defines several bitwise operators. That operators can be applied to integer types, long, int, short, char, and byte. Bitwise operators works in bits and performs bit by bit operation.
Assume I have variable X = 60 and variable Y = 13, then in binary format they will be as follows.
X = 0011 1100
Y = 0000 1101
X & Y = 0000 1100
X | Y = 0011 1101
X ^ Y = 0011 0001
~X = 1100 0011
The following tables lists the bitwise operators.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| & (bitwise and) | Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. | (A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100 |
| | (bitwise or) | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. | (A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101 |
| ^ (bitwise XOR) | Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. | (A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001 |
| ~ (bitwise compliment) | Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. | (~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number. |
| << (left shift) | Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000 |
| >> (right shift) | Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A >> 2 will give 15 which is 1111 |
| >>> (zero fill right shift) | Shift right zero fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros. | A >>>2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111 |
Logical Operators
Assume I have variable X =TRUE and variable Y = FALSE. The following table lists the logical operators
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| && (logical and) | Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true. | (X && Y) is false |
| || (logical or) | Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true. | (X || Y) is true |
| ! (logical not) | Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false. | !(X && Y) is true |
Assignment Operators
The following table lists the assignment operators supported by Java.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. | Z = X + Y will assign value of X + Y into Z |
| += | Add AND assignment operator. It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | Z += X is equivalent to Z = Z + X |
| -= | Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | Z -= X is equivalent to Z = Z – X |
| *= | Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | Z *= X is equivalent to Z = Z * X |
| /= | Divide AND assignment operator. It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand. | Z /= X is equivalent to Z = Z / X |
| %= | Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. | Z %= X is equivalent to Z = Z % X |
| <<= | Left shift AND assignment operator. | Z <<= 2 is same as Z = Z << 2 |
| >>= | Right shift AND assignment operator. | Z >>= 2 is same as Z = Z >> 2 |
| &= | Bitwise AND assignment operator. | Z &= 2 is same as Z = Z & 2 |
| ^= | bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. | Z ^= 2 is same as Z = Z ^ 2 |
| |= | bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator. | Z |= 2 is same as Z = Z | 2 |
etc. Operators
Etc. Operators will be discussed in next post.
So, this is the end of my post. Hopefully this post can help you understand about Java. Wait for my next post about etc. Operators.
- TO BE CONTINUED -
[ SOURCE ]
Java - Basic Operators. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_basic_operators.htm. Accessed at 25th and 26th of May 2017.
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